This article on software testing interview questions for new hires was created with the help of leading software industry professionals. Simply read it if you want to perform better than good in your interview for the position of software tester and will also help you well if you are looking for software testing interview questions for freshers. You will learn everything you need to know about the basics of software testing, which will help you do well in interviews and get the job.
To assure the accuracy and functionality of the software, software testing can be done during the software development cycle. All phases of software development require testing. How can software be tested to ensure that it performs the task for which it was designed? Getting enough confidence that the software under test gives accurate input is software testing's main goal. One thing to keep in mind about software testing is that it does not, by itself, improve the quality of software.
Questions to be asked in the interview of software testing:
Software Testing Interview Question & Answer for Freshers
Before attempting software testing interview questions, it is important to understand the basics. Here in the article basic software testing interview questions for freshers are listed that will help you prepare well for the interview.
1. What is software testing?
Software testing is a process used during the software development life cycle to make sure the software is accurate and functions as intended. Every project for developing software includes testing.
Software testing is an art that raises a company's value reputation by giving the customer a high-quality product that complies with the standards outlined in the documentation. Software testing is a significant and essential element in the software development process because of these reasons.
2. What are the principles of software testing?
Seven Principles of software testing.
Testing shows the presence of defects.
Exhaustive testing is not possible
Early testing.
Defect clustering.
Pesticide paradox.
Testing is context-dependent.
Absence of errors fallacy.
3. What are the levels of testing?
Unit Testing or component level testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Acceptance Testing
4. Tell me the purpose of exploratory testing?
Exploratory testing incorporates human intuition into the testing process and has a number of unique benefits, including:
The ability to test specific, potentially unscripted use-case situations.
Iterative learning allows you to master the system more fully than passing a series of tests that are predetermined.
Learn more than you could via scripted testing about typical user behavior and responses to the technology.
5. What is a bug in software testing?
Bugs occur when the software or an application does not function as intended. A coding error causes a program to malfunction, which is referred to as a bug. The term "bug" is used by test engineers. Test engineers commonly use the phrase "bug."
6. What is regression testing in software testing?
Regression testing is a method used in software testing to ensure that an application continues to function as intended even after changes, updates, or code upgrades. Regression testing ensures that the current features are generally reliable and effective
7. What is an API?
API stands for Application Programming Interface. In software development, an API is a set of programming instructions and standards for accessing a web-based software application or web tool. An API specifies how different software components should interact and allows different applications to communicate with each other.
APIs make it possible for developers to integrate third-party applications into their own projects, which can save time and resources. Instead of building a feature from scratch, a developer can use an API to access an existing feature or functionality. Additionally, APIs can allow for automation, improve data accuracy, and enhance security. APIs are widely used in web development, mobile application development, and in many other software projects.
8. What is end-to-end testing?
End to End Testing is a method for testing software that requires us to test a full application from beginning to end in a setting similar to a production environment. It ensures that all interfaces and databases function as intended by testing the integration of the software's dependencies.
9. What are the different methods of testing?
Here are the three approaches to software testing:
Black-box testing: It's a testing approach that just considers requirements and specifications. The internal pathways, structures, or implementation of the software being tested are not necessary for this method.
White box testing: It is a testing approach focused on the internal logic, coding, and software implementation of the tested program. White box testing typically calls for in-depth programming abilities.
Grey box testing: It is a method of software debugging where the tester has little to no understanding of the inner workings of the program.
10. What is unit testing?
Developers frequently perform unit testing, a kind of White Box testing. However, due to time restraints or developers' aversion to testing, QA engineers also carry out unit testing in the actual world. Unit tests isolate and verify a particular piece of code's accuracy. A unit may be regarded as a single function, method, process, module, or object.
11. Tell me the test environment?
Any environment where software is used for several experimental purposes is a test environment. In other words, it's where software testing will check your code to make sure it functions as you planned. This type of IT environment that is used exclusively for testing is known as a test environment.
12. What is a test report? Tell me the purpose of this document?
A test report is a well-organised overview of the goals, procedures, and outcomes of the test. It was developed and is used to assist stakeholders (product managers, analysts, testing teams, and developers) in determining whether a feature, product, or defect resolution is ready for release.
13. What is test coverage and why is it important?
A metric used in software testing to gauge how much testing a collection of tests has done is known as test coverage. It will also be necessary to gather information regarding the program's execution when running the test suite in order to determine which conditional statement branches have been selected.
14. Tell me the meaning of test deliverables?
The artifacts that are distributed to the software project's stakeholders during the software development life cycle are known as test deliverables. At every stage of the software development life cycle, there are many test deliverables.
Some of the significant test deliverables are enlisted below for your reference:
Test strategy
Test plan and estimation
Test scenario
Test cases and test data
RTM
Test summary report
Test closure report
Incident report
15. Is automation testing in agile methodology useful?
Yes, because a cutting-edge solution for implementing agile methodologies effectively and economically is test automation. By making it possible to produce a high-quality product in less time with quicker releases, it contributes to improving the total software testing processes.
16. Can you describe different types of test coverage techniques?
There are three basic types of coverage techniques and they are:
i) Statement coverage: It ensures that each line of source code has been executed and tested.
ii) Decision coverage: It assures that every decision (true/false) in the source code has been executed and tested.
iii) Path coverage : Here we ensure that every possible route through a given part of the code is executed and tested.
17. Tell me the difference between bugs and errors and fault,Defect?
Defect : Defect is the difference between the results that were obtained and those that were anticipated.
Bug : If testers find any errors in the system or application during the testing phase, they classify them as bugs.
Error : Code errors prevent us from compiling or running a programme. If a developer is unable to correctly assemble or operate a piece of software, they refer to the issue as an error.
Failure : Once a product has been released and any issues have been identified, customers declare it to be a failure. The release is deemed unsuccessful if a problem develops after it has been made available and is reported by an end user.
18. Write some common mistakes that lead to major issues
Not preparing test cases in advance
Beginning of Testing without the Scope and Requirements
Errors in Defect Reporting
Errors in the Test Description
No Additional Information
Ignoring the Intuitive Approach
19. What are the best practices for writing test cases?
Create test cases from the end user's perspective.
Write test steps in a straightforward manner so that it allows everyone to comprehend.
Create reusable test scenarios.
Determine a priority.
Describe the test scenario, test data, expected outcome, preconditions, and post-conditions.
Incorporate invalid test cases into your test case list.
Adhere to proper naming standards.
Review the test cases frequently and, if necessary, update them.
20. What is Verification in software testing?
Verification is the process we use to ensure that the product is being built appropriately, or that it is being produced in compliance with the requirements we have. There are walk-throughs, assessments, and inspections involved in this.
21. What is Validation in software testing?
If we are constructing the right product, it will be determined by the process of validating whether it is correct or not. Activities related to this are software application testing.
22. What is Positive and Negative Testing?
Positive Testing: It determines what the system's intended function is. It aids in determining whether or not the application meets the standards.
Negative Testing: It identifies what the system is not intended to perform. It aids in the detection of software problems.
23. What is the Test Scenario?
What we need to test is illustrated by the test scenario. A test scenario and a high-level test case are related concepts.
24. What is a Test Case?
Test cases are the set of positive and negative executable steps of a test scenario which has a set of pre-conditions, test data, expected result, post-conditions and actual results.
25. Tell some examples of Bug Severity and Bug Priority?
High Priority & High Severity: Submit button is not working on a login page and customers are unable to login to the application.
Low Priority & High Severity: Crash in some functionality which is going to deliver after a couple of releases.
High Priority & Low Severity: Spelling mistake of a company name on the homepage.
Low Priority & Low Severity: FAQ page takes a long time to load.
26. What is a Critical Bug?
A critical problem is a "show stopper," which implies it entirely breaks a significant portion of functionality or a key system component and there is no way to fix it.
For instance, a blocker bug in one module precludes testing of other modules, which prevents us from testing other modules. The activities of the customers are directly impacted by critical bugs.
Example:
1. Users of the Gmail App are unable to access their accounts since the "Sign In" button is malfunctioning.
2. An error message shows when a customer clicks the transfer money option on a banking website.
27. What is the Bug Life Cycle?
Defect life cycle is another name for the life cycle of a bug. The bug has a life cycle throughout the software development process. To be closed, the bug must go through the life cycle.
Defect life cycle is another name for the life cycle of a bug. The bug has a life cycle throughout the software development process. To be closed, the bug must go through the life cycle.
The different stages in a bug life cycle are:
New
Assigned
Open
Test
Moved to QA / Ready to test
Verified
Fixed
Closed
Retested
Reopen
Duplicate
Deferred
Rejected
Cannot be fixed
Not reproducible
Need more information
28. What is an entry criteria?
The prerequisites that must be achieved before commencing the testing process comes under entry criteria.
29. What is an exit criteria?
The prerequisites that need to be satisfied before testing should be finished will be mandatory for exit criteria.
30. What is RTM?
Using a traceability matrix, the requirements are linked to the tests necessary to evaluate whether they have been met (RTM). We must ensure that every requirement has at least one test case. The Traceability Matrix is another name for the Requirement Cross Reference Matrix.
Conclusion
You must familiarise yourself with the fundamentals of software testing in order to respond successfully in software testing interview questions for experienced. You cannot compete for your desired job without concept clearance and hence you have to first prepare with the above software testing interview questions for freshers. Major factors you should learn about include software testing.